In this tutorial, you will learn step-by-step how to configure Odoo with Nginx as a reverse proxy on Debian 13, including SSL setup.

Step 1: Update Operating System

Update your Debian 13 operating system to the latest version with the following command:

# apt update && apt upgrade

Step 2: Install Nginx Web Server

To install Nginx web server, run the following command:

# apt install nginx

You can start the Nginx service and configure it to run on startup by entering the following commands:

# systemctl start nginx
# systemctl enable nginx

Verify the status of the Nginx service using systemctl status command:

# systemctl status nginx

Step 3: Configure Odoo for Reverse Proxy

Make sure that Odoo is configured to work behind a proxy. In the Odoo configuration file (/etc/odoo.conf), you need to set the proxy_mode parameter to True:

proxy_mode = True

After making the changes, it’s important to restart the Odoo service to ensure the changes take effect:

# systemctl restart odoo

Step 4: Configure Nginx for Odoo

Now we set up the Nginx configuration to route traffic to Odoo.

Create a new configuration file:

# /etc/nginx/conf.d/odoo.conf

Paste the following configuration (replace erp.example.com with your real domain):

upstream odoo {
server 127.0.0.1:8069;
}

upstream odoo-chat {
server 127.0.0.1:8072;
}

server {
listen 80;
server_name erp.example.com;

access_log /var/log/nginx/odoo_access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/odoo_error.log;

proxy_read_timeout 720s;
proxy_connect_timeout 720s;
proxy_send_timeout 720s;

proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

location / {
proxy_pass http://odoo;
}

location /websocket {
proxy_pass http://odoo-chat;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
}
}

Save the file and Exit.

Check Nginx syntax:

# /usr/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

To implement the changes, restart Nginx webserver:

# systemctl restart nginx

You can now open your Odoo at:

http://erp.your-domain.com

However, this is still not secure because we are using HTTP.

Step 5: Install free Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate (Optional)

First you need to install the Certbot client which is used to create Let’s Encrypt certificates:

# apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx

Then to get the SSL certificate using the Certbot, type the following command:

# certbot --nginx -d erp.your-domain.com

If the SSL certificate is successfully obtained, certbot displays a message to show the configuration was successful:

Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
Requesting a certificate for erp.your-domain.com

Successfully received certificate.
Certificate is saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/erp.your-domain.com/fullchain.pem
Key is saved at:         /etc/letsencrypt/live/erp.your-domain.com/privkey.pem
This certificate expires on 2026-02-16.
These files will be updated when the certificate renews.
Certbot has set up a scheduled task to automatically renew this certificate in the background.

Deploying certificate
Successfully deployed certificate for erp.your-domain.com to /etc/nginx/conf.d/odoo.conf
Congratulations! You have successfully enabled HTTPS on https://erp.your-domain.com

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:
 * Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt:   https://letsencrypt.org/donate
 * Donating to EFF:                    https://eff.org/donate-le
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Now, you have successfully installed SSL on your website.

Step 6: Access Odoo server

Open your web browser and type the URL https://erp.your-domain.com.

You should now see your Odoo login page loading securely via Nginx.

Comments and Conclusion

Configuring Nginx as a reverse proxy for Odoo enhances security, performance, and scalability.

It allows you to run Odoo in a professional production environment with HTTPS, HTTP/2, caching, and better resource usage.

If you have any questions please leave a comment below.

The post How to Configure Odoo with Nginx as Reverse Proxy on Debian 13 appeared first on LinuxTuto.

It is used by a wide range of organizations, including educational institutions, non-profits, businesses, and government agencies, to build websites that require robust content management, high security, and flexibility.

In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Drupal on your Ubuntu 24.04 OS.

Step 1: Update Operating System

Update your Ubuntu 24.04 operating system to make sure all existing packages are up to date:

# apt update && apt upgrade -y

Step 2: Install Nginx webserver

You can install Nginx via apt package manager by executing the following command.

# apt install nginx

You can start the Nginx service and configure it to run on startup by entering the following commands:

# systemctl start nginx
# systemctl enable nginx

Verify the status of the Nginx service using systemctl status command:

# systemctl status nginx

Output:

● nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running)
       Docs: man:nginx(8)
   Main PID: 10412 (nginx)
      Tasks: 2 (limit: 2218)
     Memory: 1.7M (peak: 1.9M)
        CPU: 23ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
             ├─10412 "nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on;"
             └─10413 "nginx: worker process"

Step 3: Install PHP and PHP extensions for Drupal

By default, Ubuntu 24.04 comes with PHP version 8.3.  You can install PHP and other supporting packages using the following command:

# apt install php php-{opcache,gd,curl,mysqlnd,intl,json,ldap,mbstring,mysqlnd,xml,zip}

Verify if PHP is installed.

php -v

Output:
PHP 8.3.6 (cli) (built: Jun 13 2024 15:23:20) (NTS)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.3.6, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v8.3.6, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

Step 4: Install MySQL and create a database

You can install the MySQL server with the following command:

# apt install mysql-server

Start the database server daemon, and also enable it to start automatically at the next boot with the following commands:

# systemctl start mysql
# systemctl enable mysql

Verify the status of the MySQL service using systemctl status command:

# systemctl status mysql

Output:

● mysql.service - MySQL Community Server
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running)
    Process: 24565 ExecStartPre=/usr/share/mysql/mysql-systemd-start pre (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 24574 (mysqld)
     Status: "Server is operational"
      Tasks: 38 (limit: 2218)
     Memory: 362.8M (peak: 379.1M)
        CPU: 1.160s
     CGroup: /system.slice/mysql.service
             └─24574 /usr/sbin/mysqld

By default, MySQL is not hardened. You can secure MySQL using the mysql_secure_installation script.

# mysql_secure_installation

Configure it like this:

- Set root password? [Y/n] Y
- Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
- Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
- Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
- Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y

Now run the command below to log in to the MySQL shell.

# mysql -u root -p

Once you are logged in to your database server you need to create a database for the Drupal installation:

mysql> CREATE DATABASE drupaldb;
mysql> CREATE USER 'drupaluser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Str0ngP@ss';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON drupaldb. * TO 'drupaluser'@'localhost';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> exit;

Step 5: Download Drupal

The latest version of Drupal is available to download from their website. You can download it with the following command:

# wget https://ftp.drupal.org/files/projects/drupal-11.0.0.zip

Extract file into the folder /var/www/ with the following command:

# unzip drupal-11.0.0.zip -d /var/www/

Rename it to make it simpler:

# mv /var/www/drupal-11.0.0/ /var/www/drupal

Enable permission for the Nginx webserver user to access the files:

# chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/drupal/

Step 6: Configure Nginx for Drupal

Create a new Nginx virtual host configuration file:

# nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/drupal.conf

Paste the content as shown below:

server {
  listen 80;
  server_name your-domain.com www.your-domain.com;
  root /var/www/drupal;
  index index.php index.html;
  charset utf-8;
  location / {
    try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
  }
  location ~ .php$ {
    fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php8.3-fpm.sock;
    fastcgi_index index.php;
    fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    include fastcgi_params;
  }
}

Remember to replace your-domain.com with the domain name of your server.

Save and exit the configuration file.

To implement the changes, restart Nginx webserver:

# systemctl restart nginx

Step 7: Access Drupal Web Interface

Open your web browser and type the URL https://your-domain.com. You should see the Drupal installation page.

Choose your preferred language and hit Save and continue. You will get the following screen:

Choose Standard and hit Save and continue.

Fill in your database settings and hit Save and continue.

Then fill in some basic information about your site and then hit Save and continue.

You will get the dashboard in the following screen:

Installation of Drupal has been completed. Now revert the permissions for the settings.php file:

# chmod 644 /var/www/html/drupal/sites/default/settings.php

Comments and Conclusion

That’s it. You have successfully installed Drupal on Ubuntu 24.04 OS.

For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check  the official Drupal documentation.

If you have any questions please leave a comment below.

The post How to Install Drupal on Ubuntu 24.04 appeared first on LinuxTuto.

Laravel has gained popularity in the PHP development community due to its elegant syntax, developer-friendly features, and active community. It is widely used for building web applications, APIs, and various other web-based projects.

In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Laravel on Debian 12 OS with Nginx web server and MariaDB database server.

Step 1: Update Operating System

The first step is to ensure that your system is up-to-date. You can do this by running the following command:

# apt update && apt upgrade

Also, install necessary packages.

# apt install sudo nano wget unzip zip

Step 2: Install Nginx Web Server

To install Nginx web server, run the following command:

# apt install nginx

You can start the Nginx service and configure it to run on startup by entering the following commands:

# systemctl start nginx
# systemctl enable nginx

Verify the status of the Nginx service using systemctl status command:

# systemctl status nginx

Step 3: Install PHP and PHP extensions

To install PHP and additional PHP modules to support Laravel, run the following command:

# apt install php php-cli php-common php-json php-gmp php-fpm php-xmlrpc php-bcmath php-imagick php-curl php-zip php-gd php-mysql php-xml php-mbstring php-xmlrpc php-intl

Verify if PHP is installed.

# php -v

Output:
PHP 8.2.7 (cli) (built: Jun  9 2023 19:37:27) (NTS)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.2.7, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v8.2.7, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

After installing all the packages, edit the php.ini file:

# nano /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini

Change the following settings per your requirements:

max_execution_time = 300
memory_limit = 512M
post_max_size = 128M
upload_max_filesize = 128M
date.timezone = America/Chicago

To implement the changes, restart the php-fpm service:

# systemctl restart php8.2-fpm

Step 4: Install MariaDB and create a database

You can install MariaDB with the following command:

# apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client

Start the database server daemon, and also enable it to start automatically at the next boot with the following commands:

# systemctl start mariadb
# systemctl enable mariadb

Once the database server is installed, log into the MariaDB prompt:

# mysql -u root

To create a database, database user, and grant all privileges to the database user run the following commands:

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE laravel_db;
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER 'laravel_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Str0ngPa$$word';
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL ON laravel_db.* TO 'laravel_user'@'localhost';
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
MariaDB [(none)]> EXIT

Step 5: Install Composer dependency manager

To install Composer, run the following commands:

# curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
# mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

Verify that Composer has been installed successfully by running the following command:

# composer --version
Composer version 2.5.8 2023-06-09 17:13:21

Step 6: Install Laravel 

Navigate to the webroot directory, type:

# cd /var/www/html

Now, install Laravel using the composer command, type:

# composer create-project laravel/laravel laravelapp

The command creates a new directory called laravelapp and installs all the files and directories for Laravel.

Change the ownership of the Laravel directory to the webserver user and also the permissions:

# chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/laravelapp
# chmod -R 775 /var/www/html/laravelapp/storage

Once the installation is done navigate to the installation directory and check the Laravel version:

# cd laravelapp

# php artisan

Step 7: Configure Nginx Web Server for Laravel

Navigate to /etc/nginx/conf.d directory and run the following command to create a configuration file:

# nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/laravel.conf

Add the following content:

server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    server_name your-domain.com;
    root /var/www/html/laravelapp/public;

    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff";

    index index.php;

    charset utf-8;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
    }

    location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
    location = /robots.txt  { access_log off; log_not_found off; }

    error_page 404 /index.php;

    location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $realpath_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }

    location ~ /\.(?!well-known).* {
        deny all;
    }
}

Save the file and Exit.

Check Nginx syntax:

# /usr/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

To implement the changes, restart Nginx webserver:

# systemctl restart nginx

Step 8: Access your Laravel Application

Open your browser and type your domain e.g http://your-domain.com

Comments and Conclusion

That’s it. You have successfully installed Laravel on Debian 12.

For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check  the official Laravel documentation.

If you have any questions please leave a comment below.

The post How to Install Laravel on Debian 12 appeared first on LinuxTuto.

It is designed to be lightweight, fast, and easy to install, making it a popular choice for those who want a simple webmail solution.

In this tutorial, we will show you how to install RainLoop on Debian 12 OS with Nginx web server and MariaDB database server..

Step 1: Update Operating System

Update your Debian 12 operating system to the latest version with the following command:

# apt update && apt upgrade

Also, install necessary packages.

# apt install curl nano wget unzip zip

Step 2: Install Nginx webserver

You can install it via apt package manager by executing the following command.

# apt install nginx

Verify the status of the Nginx service using systemctl status command:

# systemctl status nginx

Step 3: Install PHP

To install PHP and the necessary extensions, run the following command:

# apt install php php-cli php-fpm php-json php-common php-mysql php-zip php-imap php-mbstring php-curl php-xml

Once the installation is complete verify if PHP is installed:

php -v

Output:
PHP 8.2.12 (cli) (built: Oct 27 2023 13:00:10) (NTS)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.2.12, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v8.2.12, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

After installing all the packages, edit the php.ini file:

# nano /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini

Change the following settings per your requirements:

max_execution_time = 300
memory_limit = 512M
post_max_size = 25M
upload_max_filesize = 25M

To implement the changes, restart the php-fpm service:

# systemctl restart php8.2-fpm

Step 4: Install MariaDB and create a database

To install MariaDB run the following command:

# apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client

Verify the status of the MariaDB service using systemctl status command:

# systemctl status mariadb

By default, MariaDB is not hardened. You can secure MariaDB using the mysql_secure_installation script.

# mysql_secure_installation

Configure it like this:

- Set root password? [Y/n] Y
- Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
- Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
- Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
- Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y

Now run the command below to log in to the MariaDB shell.

# mysql -u root -p

Once you are logged in to your database server you need to create a database for the Roundcube installation:

mysql> CREATE DATABASE rainloop;
mysql> CREATE USER 'rainloopuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Str0ngPa$$word';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON rainloop . * TO 'rainloopuser'@'localhost';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> exit;

Step 5: Download RainLoop

You can download the latest stable release version for RainLoop with the following command:

# https://www.rainloop.net/repository/webmail/rainloop-latest.zip

After that, you will need to decompress the RainLoop archive:

# unzip rainloop-latest.zip -d /var/www/rainloop/

Make Nginx the owner of the rainloop folder and grant it sufficient permissions.

# chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/rainloop
# chmod 755 -R /var/www/rainloop

Step 6: Configure Nginx for RainLoop

Then, create an virtual host configuration file:

# nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/rainloop.conf

Add the following lines:

server {

listen 80;

   server_name webmail.your-domain.com;
   root /var/www/rainloop;

   index index.php;

location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
   }

location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(.*)$;
        fastcgi_keep_conn on;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    }

location ^~ /data {
        deny all;
    }

}

Save and exit the configuration file.

Check Nginx syntax:

# /usr/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

To implement the changes, restart Nginx webserver:

# systemctl restart nginx

Step 7: Install free Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate

First we need to install the Certbot client which is used to create Let’s Encrypt certificates:

# apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx

To get the SSL certificate using the Certbot, type the command given below:

# certbot --nginx -d webmail.your-domain.com

If the SSL certificate is successfully obtained, certbot displays a message to show the configuration was successful:

IMPORTANT NOTES:
 - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/webmail.your-domain.com/fullchain.pem
   Your key file has been saved at:
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/webmail.your-domain.com/privkey.pem
   Your cert will expire on 2024-03-06. To obtain a new or tweaked
   version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot
   again. To non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run
   "certbot renew"
 - Your account credentials have been saved in your Certbot
   configuration directory at /etc/letsencrypt. You should make a
   secure backup of this folder now. This configuration directory will
   also contain certificates and private keys obtained by Certbot so
   making regular backups of this folder is ideal.
 - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:

   Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt:   https://letsencrypt.org/donate
   Donating to EFF:                    https://eff.org/donate-le

Now, you have successfully installed SSL on your website.

Step 8: RainLoop Setup and Configurations

Now open your web browser and go to https://webmail.your-domain.com/?admin and you will see the following screen:

You can log in with the default username admin and default password 12345

You will see the Rainloop dashboard as below:

When you login for the first time, you need to change your admin password immediately.

Enter your new password and click on the Update Password button to change the password.

Then, open the Contacts menu and select MySQL from the dropdown menu:

Enter the database credentials you created earlier and press the Test button to check the connection and install the necessary tables.

If the button turns green, it means the connection is successful.

Comments and Conclusion

Congratulations. You have learned how to install RainLoop on Debian 12 OS.

For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check  the official RainLoop documentation.

The post How to Install RainLoop on Debian 12 appeared first on LinuxTuto.

It is built on the same PHP technology stack as Drupal, but it is intended to be more straightforward and more suitable for smaller organizations, non-profits, and individuals who want a powerful CMS without the complexity often associated with Drupal.

Overall, Backdrop CMS aims to strike a balance between being easy to use and having the capabilities necessary to build and manage websites effectively, making it a suitable choice for those looking for a middle ground between simplicity and customization.

To get started with installing Backdrop on Debian 12, follow the steps below:

Step 1: Update Operating System

Update and upgrade your system packages to the latest version with the following command:

# apt update && apt upgrade

Step 2: Install Nginx

You can install Nginx web server via apt package manager by executing the following command:

# apt install nginx

Verify the status of the Nginx service using systemctl status command:

# systemctl status nginx

Output:

● nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running)
       Docs: man:nginx(8)
   Main PID: 717 (nginx)
      Tasks: 2 (limit: 2273)
     Memory: 5.0M
        CPU: 71ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
             ├─717 "nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on;"
             └─718 "nginx: worker process"

Step 3: Install PHP

To install PHP and the necessary extensions, run the following command:

# apt install php php-cli php-fpm php-json php-common php-mysql php-zip php-gd php-mbstring php-curl php-xml

Once the installation is complete verify if PHP is installed:

php -v

Output:
PHP 8.2.12 (cli) (built: Oct 27 2023 13:00:10) (NTS)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.2.12, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v8.2.12, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

Step 4: Install MariaDB and create a database

To install MariaDB run the following command:

# apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client

Verify the status of the MariaDB service using systemctl status command:

# systemctl status mariadb

Output:

● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.11.4 database server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running)
       Docs: man:mariadbd(8)
             https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
   Main PID: 772 (mariadbd)
     Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."
      Tasks: 9 (limit: 2273)
     Memory: 249.5M
        CPU: 2.711s
     CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
             └─772 /usr/sbin/mariadbd

By default, MariaDB is not hardened. You can secure MariaDB using the mysql_secure_installation script.

# mysql_secure_installation

Configure it like this:

- Set root password? [Y/n] Y
- Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
- Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
- Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
- Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y

Now run the command below to log in to the MariaDB shell.

# mysql -u root -p

Once you are logged in to your database server you need to create a database for the Backdrop installation:

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE backdrop;
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER 'backdrop'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Str0ngPass';
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON backdrop. * TO 'backdrop'@'localhost';
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
MariaDB [(none)]> EXIT;

Step 5: Download Backdrop

The latest version of Backdrop is available to download from GitHub. You can download it with the following command:

# wget https://github.com/backdrop/backdrop/releases/download/1.26.1/backdrop.zip

Then extract file into the folder /var/www/ with the following command:

# unzip backdrop.zip -d /var/www/

Then enable permission for the Nginx webserver user to access the files:

# chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/backdrop/

Step 6: Configure Nginx for Backdrop

Create a new Nginx configuration file with the following command:

# nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/backdrop.conf

Paste the content as shown below:

server {
listen 80;

server_name your-domain.com;
root /var/www/backdrop;
index index.php index.html index.htm;

location / {
    try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
   }

location = /favicon.ico {
    log_not_found off;
    access_log off;
   }

location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico)$ {
    expires max;
    log_not_found off;
   }

location = /robots.txt {
    allow all;
    log_not_found off;
    access_log off;
   }

location ~ \.php$ {
    include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
    fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock;
    fastcgi_index index.php;
    fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
   }
}

Remember to replace your-domain.com with the domain name of your server.

Save and exit the configuration file.

To implement the changes, restart Nginx webserver:

# systemctl restart nginx

Step 7: Access Backdrop Web Interface

To complete the setup go to your browser and visit http://your-domain.com/. Choose language and click on the SAVE AND CONTINUE button.

Provide your database details and click on the SAVE AND CONTINUE button.

Provide your admin username, password, email then click on the SAVE AND CONTINUE button.

You will get the Backdrop dashboard.

Comments and Conclusion

That’s it. You have successfully installed Backdrop CMS on Debian 12.

For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official Backdrop documentation.

If you have any questions please leave a comment below.

The post How to Install Backdrop CMS on Debian 12 appeared first on LinuxTuto.

It is similar in functionality to popular cloud storage services like Dropbox, Google Drive, and Microsoft OneDrive but gives users greater control over their data and privacy because it can be deployed on their own servers or a cloud infrastructure of their choice.

In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Nextcloud on Debian 12 OS.

Step 1: Update Operating System

Update your Debian 12 operating system to make sure all existing packages are up to date:

# apt update && apt upgrade

Step 2: Install Nginx webserver

You can install Nginx via apt package manager by executing the following command.

# apt install nginx

You can start the Nginx service and configure it to run on startup by entering the following commands:

# systemctl start nginx
# systemctl enable nginx

Verify the status of the Nginx service using systemctl status command:

# systemctl status nginx

Output:

● nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running)
       Docs: man:nginx(8)
    Process: 1280 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Process: 1281 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 1304 (nginx)
      Tasks: 2 (limit: 2273)
     Memory: 1.7M
        CPU: 23ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
             ├─1304 "nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on;"
             └─1307 "nginx: worker process"

Step 3: Install PHP and PHP extensions for Nextcloud

To install PHP and the necessary extensions, run the following command:

# apt install php php-cli php-fpm php-json php-common php-mysql php-zip php-gd php-intl php-curl php-xml php-mbstring php-bcmath php-gmp

Once the installation is complete verify if PHP is installed:

# php -v

Output:
PHP 8.2.7 (cli) (built: Jun  9 2023 19:37:27) (NTS)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.2.7, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v8.2.7, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

After installing all the packages, edit the php.ini file:

# nano /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini

Change the following settings per your requirements:

max_execution_time = 300
memory_limit = 512M
post_max_size = 128M
upload_max_filesize = 128M

To implement the changes, restart the php-fpm service:

# systemctl restart php8.2-fpm

Step 4: Install MariaDB database server

To install the MariaDB database server, run the following command:

# apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client

Verify the status of the MariaDB service using systemctl status command:

# systemctl status mariadb

Output:

● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.11.3 database server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running)
       Docs: man:mariadbd(8)
             https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
   Main PID: 14433 (mariadbd)
     Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."
      Tasks: 11 (limit: 2273)
     Memory: 163.8M
        CPU: 513ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
             └─14433 /usr/sbin/mariadbd

Once the installation is complete, run the following command to secure your MariaDB server:

# mysql_secure_installation

Configure it like this:

- Set root password? [Y/n] Y
- Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
- Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
- Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
- Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y

Restart the database server for the changes to take effect.

# systemctl restart mariadb

Step 5: Create a New Database for Nextcloud

Once you have installed MariaDB, you’ll need to create a new database and user for Nextcloud to use.

To do this, log in to your MariaDB server using the following command:

# mysql -u root -p

You will be prompted to enter your root password. Once you have entered your password, you will be taken to the MariaDB prompt.

Run the following commands to create a new database and user:

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE nextcloud;
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nextcloud.* TO 'nextcloud'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Password';
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
MariaDB [(none)]> EXIT;

Note: Make sure to replace 'Password' with a strong password of your choice.

Step 6: Download and Install Nextcloud

You can download the latest version of Nextcloud from the Nextcloud Official site.

Use the following command to download the latest version of Nextcloud:

# wget  https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/latest.zip

Extract file into the folder /var/www/ with the following command:

# unzip latest.zip -d /var/www/

Change ownership of the /var/www/nextcloud directory to www-data.

# chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/nextcloud

Step 7: Configure Nginx for Nextcloud

Run the commands below to create a new VirtualHost file called nextcloud in the /etc/nginx/conf.d/ directory.

# nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/nextcloud.conf

Paste the content as shown below:

server {
  listen 80;
  server_name your-domain.com www.your-domain.com;
  root /var/www/nextcloud;
  index index.php index.html;
  charset utf-8;
  location / {
    try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
  }
  location ~ .php$ {
    fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock;
    fastcgi_index index.php;
    fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    include fastcgi_params;
  }
}

Remember to replace your-domain.com with the domain name of your server.

Save and exit the configuration file.

To implement the changes, restart Nginx webserver:

# systemctl restart nginx

Step 8: Install free Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate

First we need to install the Certbot client which is used to create Let’s Encrypt certificates:

# apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx

To get the SSL certificate using the Certbot, type the command given below:

# certbot --nginx -d your-domain.com -d www.your-domain.com

If the SSL certificate is successfully obtained, certbot displays a message to show the configuration was successful:

IMPORTANT NOTES:
 - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/your-domain.com/fullchain.pem
   Your key file has been saved at:
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/your-domain.com/privkey.pem
   Your cert will expire on 2023-12-03. To obtain a new or tweaked
   version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot
   again. To non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run
   "certbot renew"
 - Your account credentials have been saved in your Certbot
   configuration directory at /etc/letsencrypt. You should make a
   secure backup of this folder now. This configuration directory will
   also contain certificates and private keys obtained by Certbot so
   making regular backups of this folder is ideal.
 - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:

   Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt:   https://letsencrypt.org/donate
   Donating to EFF:                    https://eff.org/donate-le

Now, you have successfully installed SSL on your website.

Step 9: Access Nextcloud Web Interface

Open your web browser and type the URL https://your-domain.com. You should see the Nextcloud installation page.

Click the Install button, you will see the Web interface of NextCloud.

Comments and Conclusion

That’s it. You have successfully installed NextCloud on Debian 12 OS.

For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check  the official Nextcloud documentation.

If you have any questions please leave a comment below.

The post How to Install NextCloud on Debian 12 appeared first on LinuxTuto.

Strapi follows a “headless” architecture, which means it separates the content management backend from the frontend presentation, giving developers the freedom to use various technologies and frameworks on the frontend.

In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Strapi on Debian 12 OS.

Step 1: Update Operating System

Update your Debian 12 operating system to make sure all existing packages are up to date:

# apt update && apt upgrade

Step 2: Install Nginx webserver

You can install Nginx via apt package manager by executing the following command.

# apt install nginx

You can start the Nginx service and configure it to run on startup by entering the following commands:

# systemctl start nginx
# systemctl enable nginx

Verify the status of the Nginx service using systemctl status command:

# systemctl status nginx

Output:

● nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running)
       Docs: man:nginx(8)
    Process: 627 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Process: 646 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 655 (nginx)
      Tasks: 2 (limit: 2273)
     Memory: 3.8M
        CPU: 27ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
             ├─655 "nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on;"
             └─656 "nginx: worker process"

Step 3: Install Node.js

Strapi is based on Node.js, for that reason, you need to have Node.js installed on your server.

To install Node.js and npm on your Debian OS use the following command:

# apt install nodejs npm

You can verify the Node.js version with the following command:

# node --version

You should see the following output:

v18.13.0

Also, verify the npm version with the following command:

# npm --version

You should get the following output:

9.2.0

Step 4: Install PostgreSQL

Strapi uses PostgreSQL as a database backend, so you will need to install PostgreSQL on your server.

You can run the following command to install the PostgreSQL server:

# apt-get install postgresql-15

After the successful installation, start the PostgreSQL service and enable it to start after the system reboot:

# systemctl start postgresql
# systemctl enable postgresql

Verify that is active and running on your server:

# systemctl status postgresql

Output
● postgresql.service - PostgreSQL RDBMS
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
     Active: active (exited)
   Main PID: 13153 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
        CPU: 1ms

Next, connect to the PostgreSQL shell:

# su postgres
# psql

Then, we create the Strapi database:

postgres=# CREATE DATABASE strapidb; 
postgres=# CREATE USER strapi WITH PASSWORD 'Your-Strong-Password'; 
postgres=# GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE strapidb to strapi; 
postgres=# \q

Return to your root user account.

# exit

Step 5: Create a Strapi Application

Once PostgreSQL and Node.js have been installed, we can proceed to install Strapi.

You can use the npx command line utility to easily create a Strapi app.

# cd /opt
# npx create-strapi-app@latest strapi --no-run

You will see the following output.

Need to install the following packages:
  create-strapi-app@4.12.1
Ok to proceed? (y) y

Proceed with the creation by pressing y.

In the interactive shell, select custom installation then your database client, database name and user name as provisioned.

? Choose your installation type Custom (manual settings)
? Choose your preferred language JavaScript
? Choose your default database client postgres
? Database name: strapidb
? Host: 127.0.0.1
? Port: 5432
? Username: strapi
? Password: ********************
? Enable SSL connection: No

Next, navigate to the strapi directory and build the application with the following command.

# cd strapi
# npm run build

Output:

> strapi@0.1.0 build
> strapi build

Building your admin UI with development configuration...

✔ Webpack
  Compiled successfully in 1.12m

Admin UI built successfully

Then run Strapi in development mode.

# npm run develop

If everything is fine, you will get the following output.

Press the CTRL+C to stop the application.

Step 6: Run Strapi with PM2

In this step we will describe you to how to run Strapi app with PM2 command. PM2 is a Production Process Manager for Node.js applications.

First, install PM2 application by running the following command:

# npm install pm2@latest -g

Now create a pm2 ecosystem file which is where you can setup some environment variables for each pm2 app you want to install and run.

# nano /root/ecosystem.config.js

Paste the following content in the file.

module.exports = {
  apps: [
    {
      name: 'strapi',
      cwd: '/opt/strapi',
      script: 'npm',
      args: 'start',
      env: {
        NODE_ENV: 'production',
        DATABASE_HOST: 'localhost',
        DATABASE_PORT: '5432',
        DATABASE_NAME: 'strapidb',
        DATABASE_USERNAME: 'strapi',
        DATABASE_PASSWORD: 'Your-Strong-Password'
      },
    },
  ]
};

Note: /opt/strapi is the path to your project, you are required to replace this with your own path before you proceed.

Once modified, save the file then start the app in the background with the command:

# pm2 start /root/ecosystem.config.js

You can see that the status of the app is set to online.

# pm2 list

To allow the app to start automatically on boot, use the command:

# pm2 startup -u root

Save the process:

# pm2 save

Your Strapi service is now running in the background in production mode.

Step 7: Configure Nginx for Strapi

Create a new Nginx virtual host configuration file.

# nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/strapi.conf

Add the following configurations:

upstream strapi {
server 127.0.0.1:1337;
}

server {

listen 80;
server_name your-domain.com www.your-domain.com;

location / {
        proxy_pass http://strapi;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection "Upgrade";
        proxy_pass_request_headers on;
      }
}

Save and close the file, then edit the Nginx main configuration file.

# nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

Add the following line after the line http{: but before the line include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;.

server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;

Save the file, then verify the Nginx configuration.

# /usr/sbin/nginx -t

You should see the following output:

nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

Restart the Nginx service to implement the changes.

# systemctl restart nginx

Step 8: Access Strapi Web Interface

Now, open your web browser and access the Strapi web UI using the URL http://your-domain.com/admin. You should see the Strapi default page:

Then click on the Let’s start button. You should see the Strapi dashboard:

Comments and Conclusion

Congratulations. You have learned how to install Strapi on Debian 12 OS. You can now create your own application easily using Strapi.

For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check  the official Strapi documentation.

The post How to Install Strapi with Nginx on Debian 12 appeared first on LinuxTuto.

In this tutorial we’ll show you how to install WordPress on Debian 12 OS.

Step 1: Update Operating System

Update your Debian 12 operating system to make sure all existing packages are up to date:

# apt update && apt upgrade

Also, install necessary packages:

# apt install nano wget unzip

Step 2: Install Nginx web server on Debian 12

To install Nginx, run the following command:

# apt install nginx

You can start the Nginx service and configure it to run on startup by entering the following commands:

# systemctl start nginx
# systemctl enable nginx

Verify the status of the Nginx service using systemctl status command:

# systemctl status nginx

● nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running)
       Docs: man:nginx(8)
    Process: 674 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Process: 873 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 875 (nginx)
      Tasks: 2 (limit: 2273)
     Memory: 4.5M
        CPU: 402ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
             ├─875 "nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on;"
             └─876 "nginx: worker process"

Step 3: Install PHP and PHP extensions for WordPress

You can install PHP and other supporting packages using the following command:

# apt install php php-curl php-fpm php-bcmath php-gd php-soap php-zip php-curl php-mbstring php-mysqlnd php-gd php-xml php-intl php-zip

Verify if PHP is installed.

php -v

Output:

PHP 8.2.7 (cli) (built: Jun  9 2023 19:37:27) (NTS)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.2.7, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v8.2.7, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

After installing all the packages, edit the php.ini file:

# nano /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini

Change the following settings per your requirements:

max_execution_time = 300
memory_limit = 512M
post_max_size = 128M
upload_max_filesize = 128M

To implement the changes, restart the php-fpm service:

# systemctl restart php8.2-fpm

Step 4: Install MariaDB Database Server

You can install MariaDB with the following command:

# apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client

Start the database server daemon, and also enable it to start automatically at the next boot with the following commands:

# systemctl start mariadb
# systemctl enable mariadb

Verify the status of the MariaDB service using systemctl status command:

# systemctl status mariadb

Output:

● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.11.3 database server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running)
       Docs: man:mariadbd(8)
             https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
   Main PID: 959 (mariadbd)
     Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."
      Tasks: 12 (limit: 2273)
     Memory: 256.5M
        CPU: 6.621s
     CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
             └─959 /usr/sbin/mariadbd

Once the database server is installed, run the following command to secure your MariaDB server:

# mysql_secure_installation

You will then be asked several configuration questions, which you must answer Y to each of them.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]: Y
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]: Y
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]:  Y
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]:  Y

Restart the database server for the changes to take effect.

# systemctl restart mariadb

Step 5: Create a New Database for WordPress

To do this, log in to your MariaDB server using the following command:

# mysql -u root -p

Run the following commands to create a new database and user:

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE wordpress_db;
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON wordpress_db.* TO 'wordpress_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
MariaDB [(none)]> EXIT

Note: Make sure to replace 'password' with a strong password of your choice.

Step 6: Download WordPress

We will now download the latest version of WordPress from the WordPress Official site.

Use the following command to download WordPress:

# wget https://wordpress.org/latest.zip

Extract file into the folder /var/www/html/ with the following command,

# unzip latest.zip -d /var/www/html/

Next, navigate to the  /var/www/html/wordpress/ directory:

# cd /var/www/html/wordpress

WordPress comes with a configuration sample file. Make a copy of this file:

# cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php

Next, edit the WordPress configuration file and define your database settings:

# nano wp-config.php

Change the following lines that match your database settings:

/** The name of the database for WordPress */
define( 'DB_NAME', 'wordpress_db' );

/** MySQL database username */
define( 'DB_USER', 'wordpress_user' );

/** MySQL database password */
define( 'DB_PASSWORD', 'password' );

/** MySQL hostname */
define( 'DB_HOST', 'localhost' );

Save the file when you are finished.

Change the permission of the website directory:

# chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/wordpress/

Step 7: Configure Nginx Web Server for WordPress

Navigate to /etc/nginx/conf.d directory and run the following command to create a configuration file for your installation:

# nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/wordpress.conf

Add the following content:

server {
  listen 80;

    server_name  your-domain.com www.your-domain.com;
    root   /var/www/html/wordpress;
    index  index.php;

    access_log /var/log/nginx/your-domain.com.access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/your-domain.com.error.log;

    client_max_body_size 100M;

    location / {
     try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
      }

    location ~ \.php$ {
         include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
         fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock;
         include fastcgi_params;
         fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
    }
}

Save the file and Exit.

Restart the Nginx web server.

# systemctl restart nginx

Step 8: Access WordPress Web Installer

Open your browser type your domain e.g http://your-domain.com You will be redirected to the language selection screen:

Select your language and click on the Continue button.

Provide the requested information and click on the Install WordPress button. Once the installation has been finished. You should see the following screen:

Click on the Log in button. You should see the WordPress login screen:

Enter your administrator user, password and click on the Log In button. You will get the dashboard in the following screen:

Comments and Conclusion

That’s it. You have successfully installed WordPress CMS (Content Management System) on Debian 12 OS.

For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official WordPress documentation.

If you have any questions please leave a comment below.

The post How to Install WordPress on Debian 12 appeared first on LinuxTuto.