Tag Archives: Debian

How to Install ERPNext v15 on Debian 13

ERPNext is one of the most powerful open-source ERP systems available today. Built on the Frappe Framework, it provides modules for Accounting, HR, CRM, Projects, Inventory, Sales, POS, Manufacturing, and much more. With the release of ERPNext 15, users get improved UI, faster performance, and more stable backend architecture.

In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to install ERPNext 15 on Debian 13 from scratch including all dependencies, system configuration, database tuning, production setup and install an SSL certificate.

Step 1: Update Operating System

First check the server’s current time zone with the following command:

# date

Then Set correct time zone as per your region with the following command:

# timedatectl set-timezone "America/Chicago"

This is a important step as it impacts the ERPNext usage.

Then update your Debian 13 operating system to the latest version with the following command:

# apt update && apt upgrade

This ensures all dependencies are up-to-date and prevents conflicts later.

Step 2: Install Required Dependencies

In this step we will install the required system-level packages for the system to work correctly.

# apt install -y git curl wget sudo certbot

Also, ERPNext needs several Python packages to build Python modules and run Frappe.

# apt install -y python3 python3-dev python3-setuptools python3-pip python3-venv libffi-dev libssl-dev libsasl2-dev

These libraries allow Frappe to compile PDF rendering, image processing, database drivers, and more.

Step 3: Add a new user

Now we will create a dedicated user for your ERP application. This user will be assigned admin permissions and will be used as the main Frappe Bench user:

# /sbin/adduser erpnext

To add the user to the sudo group, use the usermod command as follows:

# /sbin/usermod -aG sudo erpnext

Then log in as the new user:

# su - erpnext

Step 4: Install MariaDB

You can install the MariaDB server with the following command:

$ sudo apt install -y mariadb-server mariadb-client

Start the database server daemon, and also enable it to start automatically at the next boot with the following commands:

$ sudo systemctl start mariadb
$ sudo systemctl enable mariadb

Verify the status of the MariaDB service using systemctl status command:

$ sudo systemctl status mariadb

By default, MariaDB is not hardened. You can secure MariaDB using the mariadb-secure-installation script.

$ sudo mariadb-secure-installation

Configure it like this:

- Set root password? [Y/n] Y
- Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
- Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
- Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
- Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y

Step 5: Install Node.js

Run the following command to install Node.js:

$ sudo apt install nodejs npm

You can verify the installation by running the following command:

$ node --version

You should see the version number of Node.js installed on your system:

v20.19.2

Then verify the npm version with the following command:

$ npm --version

You should get the following output:

9.2.0

ERPNext uses Yarn for building frontend assets.

$ sudo npm install -g yarn

Step 6: Install Redis Server

Redis handles caching and web socket communication for real-time features.

$ sudo apt install -y redis-server
$ sudo systemctl enable --now redis-server

Step 7: Install Frappe Bench

Bench is the command-line tool used to manage ERPNext installations. Use the following commands to install the Bench CLI:

$ sudo apt remove python3-requests
$ sudo python3 -m pip config set global.break-system-packages true 
$ sudo pip3 install frappe-bench

Confirm installation:

 $ bench --version

You should get the following output:

5.27.0

Now initialize a new Bench directory:

$ bench init frappe-bench --frappe-branch version-15
$ cd frappe-bench

This creates a full environment with Python virtualenv and node tools.

Now change user directory permissions. This will allow execution permission to the home directory of the frappe user.

chmod -R o+rx /home/erpnext/

Create a new Frappe site with the following command:

$ bench new-site erp.yourdomain.com

You will be prompted for:

MySQL root password
ERPNext administrator password

Step 8: Install ERPNext and other Apps

Finally, we’re at the last stage of the installation process!

Download the payments apps . This app is required during ERPNext installation

 $ bench get-app payments

Download the main ERPNext app with the following command:

$ bench get-app --branch version-15 erpnext

Download the HR & Payroll app (optional)

$ bench get-app hrms

Check if all the apps are correctly downloaded by running:

$ bench version --format table

Now install it on your site:

$ bench --site erp.yourdomain.com install-app erpnext

Install the HR & Payroll app (optional)

$ bench --site erp.yourdomain.com install-app hrms

Step 9: Test ERPNext in Development Mode (Optional)

You can launch a development server with the following command:

$ bench start

You can access ERPNext at:

http://YOUR_SERVER_IP:8000

Step 10: Setting ERPNext in Production Mode

For the production environment, we need to configure Nginx and Supervisor to keep application running in background.

You can install them with the following command:

$ sudo apt install nginx supervisor

Enable scheduler service

$ bench --site erp.yourdomain.com enable-scheduler

Disable maintenance mode

bench --site erp.yourdomain.com set-maintenance-mode off

Setup production config

$ sudo bench setup production erpnext

Restart Supervisor

$ sudo supervisorctl restart all

Step 11: Custom Domain & SSL Setup

For SSL configuration, you can run the following commands:

$ bench config dns_multitenant on
$ sudo bench setup lets-encrypt erp.yourdomain.com

Step 12: Access your ERPNext Application

Open your browser and type your domain e.g https://erp.yourdomain.com

Comments and Conclusion

Installing ERPNext 15 on Debian 13 is straightforward when following the official bench method.

This tutorial covered everything from installing dependencies and configuring MariaDB to setting up NGINX, Supervisor, and full production deployment.

ERPNext 15 provides excellent performance, modularity, and flexibility. With this setup, your business now has a powerful ERP ready to use.

For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official ERPNext documentation.

If you have any questions please leave a comment below.

How to Install Jupyter Notebook on Debian 12

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Jupyter Notebook is an open-source web application that allows you to create and share documents that contain live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text. It’s widely used in various fields such as data science, machine learning, scientific computing, and education.

The term “Jupyter” is derived from the combination of three programming languages: Julia, Python, and R. These were the first languages supported by the Jupyter project, but now it supports many other programming languages through its interactive computing protocol.

In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Jupyter Notebook on Debian 12 OS with Apache web server

Step 1: Update Operating System

Update your Debian 12 operating system to the latest version with the following command:

# apt update && apt upgrade -y

Step 2: Install Pip on Debian 12

Python comes already installed by default on Debian 12. You can verify it by checking its version:

# python3 -V

Output:
Python 3.11.2

If it doesn’t, install Python with the following command:

# apt install python3

Then use the following command to install pip and venv on Debian 12:

# apt install python3-venv python3-pip

Verify your pip installation by checking its version:

# pip3 --version

Output:
pip 23.0.1 from /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip (python 3.11)

Step 3: Install Jupyter Notebook Using Virtualenv

First, create a directory and switch to it with the commands below:

# mkdir /var/www/notebook 
# cd /var/www/notebook

Before you install Jupyter Notebook, you first need to create a Python virtual environment.

# python3 -m venv notebook_env

Next, activate the virtual environment with the following command:

# source notebook_env/bin/activate

Next, install Jupyter Notebook using the following command:

(notebook_env) # pip install jupyter

Once the installation is completed, run the Jupyter Notebook with the following command:

(notebook_env) # jupyter notebook --allow-root

Press the CTRL+C to stop the Jupyter Notebook.

Step 4: Generate Jupyter Notebook Password

First, generate a Jupyter Notebook configuration file with the following command:

(notebook_env) # jupyter notebook --generate-config

You should see the following output:

Writing default config to: /root/.jupyter/jupyter_notebook_config.py

Then run the following command and enter your preferred password:

(notebook_env) # jupyter notebook password

Set a password as shown below:

Enter password: 
Verify password: 
[JupyterPasswordApp] Wrote hashed password to /root/.jupyter/jupyter_server_config.json

This can be used to reset a lost password or if you believe your credentials have been leaked and desire to change your password.

You can prepare a hashed password manually, using the function jupyter_server.auth.passwd():

>>> jupyter_server.auth import passwd
>>> passwd()
Enter password:
Verify password:
'argon2:$argon2id$v=19$m=10240,t=10,p=8$WGqsBZQPacu0FwsczXPlIQ$VXMyCfkJJZETyjdB6aWNSu/t0OrLAVhpkM15wKJYQRU'

Then add the hashed password to your jupyter_notebook_config.py file:

nano /root/.jupyter/jupyter_notebook_config.py

c.ServerApp.password = 'argon2:$argon2id$v=19$m=10240,t=10,p=8$WGqsBZQPacu0FwsczXPlIQ$VXMyCfkJJZETyjdB6aWNSu/t0OrLAVhpkM15wKJYQRU'

Now, deactivate from the Python virtual environment with the following command:

deactivate

Step 5: Create a Systemd service

Next, it is a good idea to create a systemd service file to handle the Jupyter Notebook service. You can create it with the following command:

# nano /lib/systemd/system/jupyter.service

Add the following lines:

[Unit]
Description=Jupyter Notebook

[Service]
Type=simple
PIDFile=/run/jupyter.pid
ExecStart=/var/www/notebook/notebook_env/bin/jupyter-notebook --config=/root/.jupyter/jupyter_notebook_config.py --allow-root
User=root
Group=root
WorkingDirectory=/var/www/notebook/notebook_env
Restart=always
RestartSec=10

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Save and close the file and then reload the systemd daemon with the following command:

# systemctl daemon-reload

Then start the jupyter service and activate it at system startup with the following command:

# systemctl start jupyter
# systemctl enable jupyter

Edit the configuration file and enable remote access:

nano /root/.jupyter/jupyter_notebook_config.py

Uncoment and change the following line to True:

c.ServerApp.allow_remote_access = True

To implement the changes, you need to restart the jupyter service:

# systemctl restart jupyter

Step 6: Configure Apache as a Reverse Proxy for Jupyter Notebook

Jupyter Notebook is started and running on port 8888.You can install it via apt package manager by executing the following command.

# apt install apache2

You can verify the status of the Apache service using the systemctl status command:

# systemctl status apache2

Next run the following commands to enable necessary modules:

# /usr/sbin/a2enmod proxy
# /usr/sbin/a2enmod proxy_http

Run the commands below to create a new VirtualHost file called jupyter in the /etc/apache2/sites-available/ directory.

# nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/jupyter.conf

Paste the content as shown below:

 <VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin admin@your-domain.com
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/
    
    ServerName your-domain.com
    ServerAlias www.your-domain.com

    ProxyPass / http://127.0.0.1:8888/
    ProxyPassReverse / http://127.0.0.1:8888/> 

    ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/your-domain.com-error_log
    CustomLog /var/log/apache2/your-domain.com-access_log common

 </VirtualHost>

Remember to replace your-domain.com with the domain name of your server.

Then save and exit the configuration file.

To enable this site run the following command:

# ln -s /etc/apache2/sites-available/jupyter.conf /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/jupyter.conf

To implement the changes, you need to restart the Apache webserver:

# systemctl restart apache2

Step 7: Accessing Jupyter Notebook Web Interface

Open your web browser using the URL http://your-domain.com. You should see the Jupyter login page:

Enter your password and click on the Login button. You should see the dashboard on the following screen:

Comments and Conclusion

That’s it. You have successfully installed Jupyter Notebook on Debian 12.

For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official Jupyter Notebook documentation.

If you have any questions please leave a comment below.

How to Install Laravel on Debian 12

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Laravel is a free, open-source PHP web application framework used for web development. It follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern and provides an elegant syntax and tools for tasks such as routing, templating, authentication, and more. Laravel aims to make web development tasks more enjoyable and efficient by providing a clean and expressive syntax, along with a set of conventions and tools for common tasks.

Laravel has gained popularity in the PHP development community due to its elegant syntax, developer-friendly features, and active community. It is widely used for building web applications, APIs, and various other web-based projects.

In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Laravel on Debian 12 OS with Nginx web server and MariaDB database server.

Step 1: Update Operating System

The first step is to ensure that your system is up-to-date. You can do this by running the following command:

# apt update && apt upgrade

Also, install necessary packages.

# apt install sudo nano wget unzip zip

Step 2: Install Nginx Web Server

To install Nginx web server, run the following command:

# apt install nginx

You can start the Nginx service and configure it to run on startup by entering the following commands:

# systemctl start nginx
# systemctl enable nginx

Verify the status of the Nginx service using systemctl status command:

# systemctl status nginx

Step 3: Install PHP and PHP extensions

To install PHP and additional PHP modules to support Laravel, run the following command:

# apt install php php-cli php-common php-json php-gmp php-fpm php-xmlrpc php-bcmath php-imagick php-curl php-zip php-gd php-mysql php-xml php-mbstring php-xmlrpc php-intl

Verify if PHP is installed.

# php -v

Output:
PHP 8.2.7 (cli) (built: Jun  9 2023 19:37:27) (NTS)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.2.7, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v8.2.7, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

After installing all the packages, edit the php.ini file:

# nano /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini

Change the following settings per your requirements:

max_execution_time = 300
memory_limit = 512M
post_max_size = 128M
upload_max_filesize = 128M
date.timezone = America/Chicago

To implement the changes, restart the php-fpm service:

# systemctl restart php8.2-fpm

Step 4: Install MariaDB and create a database

You can install MariaDB with the following command:

# apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client

Start the database server daemon, and also enable it to start automatically at the next boot with the following commands:

# systemctl start mariadb
# systemctl enable mariadb

Once the database server is installed, log into the MariaDB prompt:

# mysql -u root

To create a database, database user, and grant all privileges to the database user run the following commands:

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE laravel_db;
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER 'laravel_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Str0ngPa$$word';
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL ON laravel_db.* TO 'laravel_user'@'localhost';
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
MariaDB [(none)]> EXIT

Step 5: Install Composer dependency manager

To install Composer, run the following commands:

# curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
# mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

Verify that Composer has been installed successfully by running the following command:

# composer --version
Composer version 2.5.8 2023-06-09 17:13:21

Step 6: Install Laravel

Navigate to the webroot directory, type:

# cd /var/www/html

Now, install Laravel using the composer command, type:

# composer create-project laravel/laravel laravelapp

The command creates a new directory called laravelapp and installs all the files and directories for Laravel.

Change the ownership of the Laravel directory to the webserver user and also the permissions:

# chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/laravelapp
# chmod -R 775 /var/www/html/laravelapp/storage

Once the installation is done navigate to the installation directory and check the Laravel version:

# cd laravelapp

# php artisan

Step 7: Configure Nginx Web Server for Laravel

Navigate to /etc/nginx/conf.d directory and run the following command to create a configuration file:

# nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/laravel.conf

Add the following content:

server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    server_name your-domain.com;
    root /var/www/html/laravelapp/public;

    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff";

    index index.php;

    charset utf-8;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
    }

    location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
    location = /robots.txt  { access_log off; log_not_found off; }

    error_page 404 /index.php;

    location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $realpath_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }

    location ~ /\.(?!well-known).* {
        deny all;
    }
}

Save the file and Exit.

Check Nginx syntax:

# /usr/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

To implement the changes, restart Nginx webserver:

# systemctl restart nginx

Step 8: Access your Laravel Application

Open your browser and type your domain e.g http://your-domain.com

Comments and Conclusion

That’s it. You have successfully installed Laravel on Debian 12.

For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official Laravel documentation.

If you have any questions please leave a comment below.

How to Install Dolibarr ERP on Debian 12

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Dolibarr ERP is an open-source software suite designed to help businesses and organizations manage various aspects of their operations. It provides modules for a wide range of business functions, making it a comprehensive solution for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Dolibarr is written in PHP and is often used as a web application, making it accessible from different devices with a web browser.

Dolibarr ERP is suitable for a variety of businesses, particularly those in the SME sector. It provides a cost-effective solution for managing key business processes and can be adapted to different industries and sectors. As an open-source solution, it offers flexibility and the ability to tailor the system to specific organizational needs.

In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Dolibarr ERP on Debian 12 OS.

Step 1: Update Operating System

Update your Debian 12 operating system to the latest version with the following command:

# apt update && apt upgrade

Also, install necessary packages.

# apt install curl nano wget unzip zip

Step 2: Install Apache webserver

You can install it via apt package manager by executing the following command.

# apt install apache2

Verify the status of the Apache service using systemctl status command:

# systemctl status apache2

Output:

● apache2.service - The Apache HTTP Server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running)
       Docs: https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/
    Process: 13773 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/apachectl start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 13777 (apache2)
      Tasks: 7 (limit: 2273)
     Memory: 37.4M
        CPU: 494ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/apache2.service
             ├─13777 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
             ├─13778 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
             ├─13779 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
             ├─13780 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start

Step 3: Install PHP and required extensions

By default, Debian12 comes with PHP version 8.2. To install PHP and the necessary extensions, run the following command:

# apt install php libapache2-mod-php php-cli php-intl php-json php-common php-mbstring php-imap php-mysql php-zip php-gd php-mbstring php-curl php-xml

Once the installation is complete verify if PHP is installed:

php -v

Output:
PHP 8.2.7 (cli) (built: Jun  9 2023 19:37:27) (NTS)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.2.7, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v8.2.7, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

Then edit the php.ini file:

# nano /etc/php/8.2/apache2/php.ini

Change the following settings:

memory_limit = 512M
post_max_size = 32M
upload_max_filesize = 32M
date.timezone = America/Chicago

Restart the Apache service to apply the changes:

# systemctl restart apache2

Step 4: Install MariaDB and create a database

To install MariaDB run the following command:

# apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client

Verify the status of the MariaDB service using systemctl status command:

# systemctl status mariadb

Output:

● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.11.6 database server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running)
       Docs: man:mariadbd(8)
             https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
   Main PID: 10002 (mariadbd)
     Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."
      Tasks: 9 (limit: 2273)
     Memory: 242.0M
        CPU: 1.918s
     CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
             └─10002 /usr/sbin/mariadbd

Now run the command below to log in to the MariaDB shell.

# mysql -u root

Once you are logged in to your database server you need to create a database for the Dolibarr installation:

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE dolibarr;
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER 'dolibarr'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Str0ngPassw0rd';
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON dolibarr. * TO 'dolibarr'@'localhost';
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
MariaDB [(none)]> EXIT;

Step 5: Download Dolibarr

The latest version of Dolibarr is available to download from GitHub. You can download it with the following command:

# wget https://github.com/Dolibarr/dolibarr/archive/refs/tags/19.0.0.zip

Then extract file into the folder /var/www/ with the following command:

# unzip 19.0.0.zip -d /var/www/
# mkdir /var/www/dolibarr
# mv /var/www/dolibarr-19.0.0/htdocs/* /var/www/dolibarr

Then enable permission for the Apache webserver user to access the files:

# chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/dolibarr/

Step 6: Configure Apache for Dolibarr

To create a new VirtualHost file run the following commands:

# nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/dolibarr.conf

Paste the content as shown below:

 <VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin admin@your-domain.com
    DocumentRoot /var/www/dolibarr/
    
    ServerName your-domain.com
    ServerAlias www.your-domain.com

    <Directory /var/www/dolibarr/> 
        Options +FollowSymlinks
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
    </Directory> 

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/your-domain.com_error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/your-domain.com_access.log combined

 </VirtualHost>

Remember to replace your-domain.com with the domain name of your server.

Save and exit the configuration file.

To enable this site run the command:

# /usr/sbin/a2ensite dolibarr.conf

To implement the changes, restart Apache webserver:

# systemctl restart apache2

Step 7: Access Dolibarr Web Interface

To complete the setup go to your browser and visit http://your-domain.com.

Select your language and click on the Next step button. You should see the following page:

Validate the PHP checks and click on the Start button. You should see the following page:

Provide your database name, database username, password, admin username and password. Then, click on the Next step button.

Installation successful, click on the Next step button.

Click on the Next step button.

Set a new admin username and password. Then, click on the Next step button.

Click on the Go to Dolibarr button and you should see the login page:

Provide your admin username and password. Then, click on the LOGIN button.

To finalize the installation and remove the installation warnings on the dashboard, run the following commands:

# touch /var/www/dolibarr/documents/install.lock

# chown root:root /var/www/dolibarr/conf/conf.php

Comments and Conclusion

That’s it. You have successfully installed Dolibarr ERP on Debian 12.

For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official Dolibarr documentation.

If you have any questions please leave a comment below.

How to Configure Odoo with Apache as Reverse Proxy on Debian 12

3 Replies

Odoo is an open-source suite of integrated business applications that includes various modules for different business needs. Odoo is developed using the Python programming language and follows a modular architecture, allowing users to select and deploy the specific modules that suit their business requirements.

The system is highly customizable, and it covers a wide range of business functions. It provides a comprehensive set of tools to manage various aspects of a business, from sales and finance to human resources and inventory management.

In this tutorial, we will show you how to configure Odoo with Apache 2 as Reverse Proxy on Debian 12 OS.

If you do not have Odoo installed on your server you can follow our tutorial how to install Odoo 17 on Debian 12.

Step 1: Update Operating System

Update your Debian 12 operating system to the latest version with the following command:

# apt update && apt upgrade

Step 2: Install Apache webserver

You can install it via apt package manager by executing the following command.

# apt install apache2

You can verify the status of the Apache service using the systemctl status command:

# systemctl status apache2

Output:

● apache2.service - The Apache HTTP Server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running)
       Docs: https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/
    Process: 1127 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/apachectl start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 1131 (apache2)
      Tasks: 6 (limit: 2273)
     Memory: 18.4M
        CPU: 86ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/apache2.service
             ├─1131 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
             ├─1132 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
             ├─1133 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start

Step 3: Enable Apache Modules

Next run the following commands to enable all necessary modules:

# /usr/sbin/a2enmod rewrite
# /usr/sbin/a2enmod proxy
# /usr/sbin/a2enmod proxy_http
# /usr/sbin/a2enmod proxy_html
# /usr/sbin/a2enmod headers

Then restart the Apache web server:

# systemctl restart apache2

Step 4: Configure Apache for Odoo

Run the commands below to create a new VirtualHost file called odoo in the /etc/apache2/sites-available/ directory.

# nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/odoo.conf

Paste the content as shown below:

 <VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin admin@your-domain.com
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/
    
    ServerName your-domain.com
    ServerAlias www.your-domain.com

    ProxyPass / http://127.0.0.1:8069/
    ProxyPassReverse / http://127.0.0.1:8069/> 

    ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/your-domain.com-error_log
    CustomLog /var/log/apache2/your-domain.com-access_log common

 </VirtualHost>

Remember to replace your-domain.com with the domain name of your server.

Then save and exit the configuration file.

To enable this site run the following command:

# ln -s /etc/apache2/sites-available/odoo.conf /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/odoo.conf

To implement the changes, you need to restart the Apache webserver:

# systemctl restart apache2

Step 5: Install free Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate (Optional)

First you need to install the Certbot client which is used to create Let’s Encrypt certificates:

# apt install certbot python3-certbot-apache

Then to get the SSL certificate using the Certbot, type the following command:

# certbot --apache -d your-domain.com -d www.your-domain.com

If the SSL certificate is successfully obtained, certbot displays a message to show the configuration was successful:

IMPORTANT NOTES:
 - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/your-domain.com.com/fullchain.pem
   Your key file has been saved at:
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/your-domain.com/privkey.pem
   Your cert will expire on 2024-03-02. To obtain a new or tweaked
   version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot
   again. To non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run
   "certbot renew"
 - Your account credentials have been saved in your Certbot
   configuration directory at /etc/letsencrypt. You should make a
   secure backup of this folder now. This configuration directory will
   also contain certificates and private keys obtained by Certbot so
   making regular backups of this folder is ideal.
 - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:

   Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt:   https://letsencrypt.org/donate
   Donating to EFF:                    https://eff.org/donate-le

Now, you have successfully installed SSL on your website.

Step 6: Odoo Proxy Configuration

Make sure that Odoo is configured to work behind a proxy. In the Odoo configuration file (/etc/odoo.conf), you need to set the proxy_mode parameter to True:

proxy_mode = True

After making the changes, it’s important to restart the Odoo service to ensure the changes take effect:

# systemctl restart odoo

Step 7: Access Odoo server

Open your web browser and type the URL https://your-domain.com. You should see the following page:

Comments and Conclusion

Congratulations! You have successfully configured Odoo with Apache 2 as Reverse Proxy on your Debian 12 OS.

For additional information, you can check the official Odoo documentation.

If you have any questions please leave a comment below.

How to Install RainLoop on Debian 12

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RainLoop is an open-source web-based email client that allows users to access their email accounts through a web browser. It provides a user-friendly interface for managing emails, contacts, and other related tasks without the need for a dedicated email client like Outlook or Thunderbird.

It is designed to be lightweight, fast, and easy to install, making it a popular choice for those who want a simple webmail solution.

In this tutorial, we will show you how to install RainLoop on Debian 12 OS with Nginx web server and MariaDB database server..

Step 1: Update Operating System

Update your Debian 12 operating system to the latest version with the following command:

# apt update && apt upgrade

Also, install necessary packages.

# apt install curl nano wget unzip zip

Step 2: Install Nginx webserver

You can install it via apt package manager by executing the following command.

# apt install nginx

Verify the status of the Nginx service using systemctl status command:

# systemctl status nginx

Step 3: Install PHP

To install PHP and the necessary extensions, run the following command:

# apt install php php-cli php-fpm php-json php-common php-mysql php-zip php-imap php-mbstring php-curl php-xml

Once the installation is complete verify if PHP is installed:

php -v

Output:
PHP 8.2.12 (cli) (built: Oct 27 2023 13:00:10) (NTS)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.2.12, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v8.2.12, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

After installing all the packages, edit the php.ini file:

# nano /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini

Change the following settings per your requirements:

max_execution_time = 300
memory_limit = 512M
post_max_size = 25M
upload_max_filesize = 25M

To implement the changes, restart the php-fpm service:

# systemctl restart php8.2-fpm

Step 4: Install MariaDB and create a database

To install MariaDB run the following command:

# apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client

Verify the status of the MariaDB service using systemctl status command:

# systemctl status mariadb

By default, MariaDB is not hardened. You can secure MariaDB using the mysql_secure_installation script.

# mysql_secure_installation

Configure it like this:

- Set root password? [Y/n] Y
- Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
- Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
- Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
- Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y

Now run the command below to log in to the MariaDB shell.

# mysql -u root -p

Once you are logged in to your database server you need to create a database for the Roundcube installation:

mysql> CREATE DATABASE rainloop;
mysql> CREATE USER 'rainloopuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Str0ngPa$$word';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON rainloop . * TO 'rainloopuser'@'localhost';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> exit;

Step 5: Download RainLoop

You can download the latest stable release version for RainLoop with the following command:

# https://www.rainloop.net/repository/webmail/rainloop-latest.zip

After that, you will need to decompress the RainLoop archive:

# unzip rainloop-latest.zip -d /var/www/rainloop/

Make Nginx the owner of the rainloop folder and grant it sufficient permissions.

# chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/rainloop
# chmod 755 -R /var/www/rainloop

Step 6: Configure Nginx for RainLoop

Then, create an virtual host configuration file:

# nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/rainloop.conf

Add the following lines:

server {

listen 80;

   server_name webmail.your-domain.com;
   root /var/www/rainloop;

   index index.php;

location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
   }

location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(.*)$;
        fastcgi_keep_conn on;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    }

location ^~ /data {
        deny all;
    }

}

Save and exit the configuration file.

Check Nginx syntax:

# /usr/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

To implement the changes, restart Nginx webserver:

# systemctl restart nginx

Step 7: Install free Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate

First we need to install the Certbot client which is used to create Let’s Encrypt certificates:

# apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx

To get the SSL certificate using the Certbot, type the command given below:

# certbot --nginx -d webmail.your-domain.com

If the SSL certificate is successfully obtained, certbot displays a message to show the configuration was successful:

IMPORTANT NOTES:
 - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/webmail.your-domain.com/fullchain.pem
   Your key file has been saved at:
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/webmail.your-domain.com/privkey.pem
   Your cert will expire on 2024-03-06. To obtain a new or tweaked
   version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot
   again. To non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run
   "certbot renew"
 - Your account credentials have been saved in your Certbot
   configuration directory at /etc/letsencrypt. You should make a
   secure backup of this folder now. This configuration directory will
   also contain certificates and private keys obtained by Certbot so
   making regular backups of this folder is ideal.
 - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:

   Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt:   https://letsencrypt.org/donate
   Donating to EFF:                    https://eff.org/donate-le

Now, you have successfully installed SSL on your website.

Step 8: RainLoop Setup and Configurations

Now open your web browser and go to https://webmail.your-domain.com/?admin and you will see the following screen:

You can log in with the default username admin and default password 12345

You will see the Rainloop dashboard as below:

When you login for the first time, you need to change your admin password immediately.

Enter your new password and click on the Update Password button to change the password.

Then, open the Contacts menu and select MySQL from the dropdown menu:

Enter the database credentials you created earlier and press the Test button to check the connection and install the necessary tables.

If the button turns green, it means the connection is successful.

Comments and Conclusion

Congratulations. You have learned how to install RainLoop on Debian 12 OS.

For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official RainLoop documentation.

How to Install MediaWiki on Debian 12

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MediaWiki is a free and open-source wiki software platform used to power various wikis, including the most well-known one, Wikipedia.

MediaWiki is written in PHP and uses a backend database (usually MySQL or MariaDB) to store the content. It provides a powerful platform for creating collaborative websites, knowledge bases, documentation systems, and more.

In this tutorial, we will show you how to install MediaWiki on Debian 12 OS.

Step 1: Update Operating System

Update your Debian 12 operating system to the latest version with the following command:

# apt update && apt upgrade

Also, install necessary packages.

# apt install curl nano wget unzip zip

Step 2: Install Apache webserver

You can install it via apt package manager by executing the following command.

# apt install apache2

Verify the status of the Apache service using systemctl status command:

# systemctl status apache2

Output:

● apache2.service - The Apache HTTP Server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running)
       Docs: https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/
    Process: 24002 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/apachectl start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 24006 (apache2)
      Tasks: 6 (limit: 2273)
     Memory: 23.4M
        CPU: 13.701s
     CGroup: /system.slice/apache2.service
             ├─24006 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
             ├─24206 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
             ├─24207 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
             ├─24208 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start

Step 3: Install PHP and required extensions

To install PHP and the necessary extensions, run the following command:

# apt install php libapache2-mod-php php-cli php-intl php-json php-common php-mbstring php-apcu php-mysql php-zip php-gd php-mbstring php-curl php-xml imagemagick

Once the installation is complete verify if PHP is installed:

php -v

Output:
PHP 8.2.7 (cli) (built: Jun  9 2023 19:37:27) (NTS)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.2.7, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v8.2.7, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

Step 4: Install MariaDB and create a database

To install MariaDB run the following command:

# apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client

Verify the status of the MariaDB service using systemctl status command:

# systemctl status mariadb

Output:

● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.11.4 database server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running)
       Docs: man:mariadbd(8)
             https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
   Main PID: 24964 (mariadbd)
     Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."
      Tasks: 12 (limit: 2273)
     Memory: 87.9M
        CPU: 4.312s
     CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
             └─24964 /usr/sbin/mariadbd

Now run the command below to log in to the MariaDB shell.

# mysql -u root

Once you are logged in to your database server you need to create a database for the MediaWiki installation:

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE mediawikidb;
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER 'mediawikiuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Str0ngPassw0rd';
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON mediawikidb. * TO 'mediawikiuser'@'localhost';
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
MariaDB [(none)]> EXIT;

Step 5: Install Composer dependency manager

To install Composer, run the following commands:

# curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
# mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

Verify that Composer has been installed successfully by running the following command:

# composer --version
Composer version 2.6.6 2023-12-08 18:32:26

Step 6: Download MediaWiki

The latest version of MediaWiki is available to from the official website of MediaWiki. You can download it with the following command:

# wget https://releases.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/1.40/mediawiki-1.40.1.zip

Then extract file into the folder /var/www/ with the following command:

# unzip mediawiki-1.40.1.zip -d /var/www/

Rename it to make it simpler:

# mv /var/www/mediawiki-1.40.1/ /var/www/mediawiki

Now, install all PHP dependencies using the following command:

# cd /var/www/mediawiki && composer install --no-dev

Then enable permission for the Apache webserver user to access the files:

# chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/mediawiki/

Step 7: Configure Apache for MediaWiki

To create a new VirtualHost file run the following commands:

# nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/mediawiki.conf

Paste the content as shown below:

 <VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin admin@your-domain.com
    DocumentRoot /var/www/mediawiki/
    
    ServerName your-domain.com
    ServerAlias www.your-domain.com

    <Directory /var/www/mediawiki/> 
        Options FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride All
        Order allow,deny
        allow from all
    </Directory> 

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/your-domain.com_error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/your-domain.com_access.log combined

 </VirtualHost>

Remember to replace your-domain.com with the domain name of your server.

Save and exit the configuration file.

To enable this site run the command:

# /usr/sbin/a2ensite mediawiki.conf

To implement the changes, restart Apache webserver:

# systemctl restart apache2

Step 8: Access MediaWiki Web Interface

To complete the setup go to your browser and visit http://your-domain.com.

Start the setup clicking on the link to “set up the wiki”.

Choose language and click on the Continue button.

If everything is OK, you will get the message “The environment has been checked. You can install MediaWiki”. Click “Continue” to advance to the next step.

Add the database information such as the Database name, username, and password that you have created in the previous step.

Click on the Continue button.

Provide your website name, admin username, password and click on the Continue button.

Click on the “Continue” button.

Click on the “Continue” button. and the system will generate a “LocalSettings.php” that contains all the configuration you have done.

Copy the file to the /var/www//mediawiki directory. Then, set the correct ownership using the following command:

# chown www-data:www-data /var/www/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php

Once you have completed this last step you will be redirected to the MediaWiki dashboard:

Comments and Conclusion

Congratulations! You have successfully installed Mediawiki with Apache on your Debian 12 OS.

For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official MediaWiki documentation.

If you have any questions please leave a comment below.

How to Install SuiteCRM on Debian 12

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SuiteCRM is a free and open-source Customer Relationship Management (CRM) platform that is designed to help businesses to manage their customer relationships, sales, marketing, and customer support activities.

It is a popular choice for organizations looking for a cost-effective CRM solution with extensive customization options.

In this tutorial, we will show you how to install SuiteCRM on Debian 12.

Step 1: Update Operating System

The first step is to ensure that your system is up-to-date. You can do this by running the following command:

# apt update && apt upgrade

Step 2: Install Apache Web Server

To install Apache, run the following command:

# apt install apache2

You can start the Apache service and configure it to run on startup by entering the following commands:

# systemctl start apache2
# systemctl enable apache2

Verify the status of the Apache service using systemctl status command:

# systemctl status apache2

Output:


● apache2.service - The Apache HTTP Server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running)
       Docs: https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/
    Process: 2024 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/apachectl start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 2028 (apache2)
      Tasks: 7 (limit: 2273)
     Memory: 19.2M
        CPU: 180ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/apache2.service
             ├─2028 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
             ├─2029 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
             ├─2030 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start

Step 3: Install PHP and PHP extensions for SuiteCRM

By default, Debian12 comes with PHP version 8.2. To install PHP and the necessary extensions, run the following command:

# apt install php php-cli libapache2-mod-php php-json php-common php-mysql php-zip php-gd php-imap php-mbstring php-curl php-xml php-ldap php-pear

Once the installation is complete verify if PHP is installed:

php -v

Output:
PHP 8.2.7 (cli) (built: Jun  9 2023 19:37:27) (NTS)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.2.7, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v8.2.7, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies

Then edit the php.ini file:

# nano /etc/php/8.2/apache2/php.ini

Change the following settings:

memory_limit = 256M
post_max_size = 32M
upload_max_filesize = 32M

Restart the Apache service to apply the changes:

# systemctl restart apache2

Step 4: Install MariaDB and create a database

You can install the MariaDB server with the following command:

# apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client

Start the database server daemon, and also enable it to start automatically at the next boot with the following commands:

# systemctl start mariadb
# systemctl enable mariadb

Verify the status of the MariaDB service using systemctl status command:

# systemctl status mariadb

Output:

● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.11.3 database server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running)
       Docs: man:mariadbd(8)
             https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
   Main PID: 774 (mariadbd)
     Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."
      Tasks: 9 (limit: 2273)
     Memory: 245.4M
        CPU: 5.791s
     CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
             └─774 /usr/sbin/mariadbd

By default, MariaDB is not hardened. You can secure MariaDB using the mysql_secure_installation script.

# mysql_secure_installation

Configure it like this:

- Set root password? [Y/n] Y
- Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
- Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
- Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
- Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y

Now run the command below to log in to the MariaDB shell.

# mysql -u root -p

Once you are logged in to your database server you need to create a database for the SuiteCRM installation:

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE suitecrm;
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER 'suitecrm'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Str0ng-Passw0rd';
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON suitecrm.* TO 'suitecrm'@'localhost';
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
MariaDB [(none)]> EXIT;

Step 5: Download SuiteCRM

Download the latest stable version of SuiteCRM from the SuiteCRM website using the following command:

# wget https://suitecrm.com/download/141/suite714/562969/suitecrm-7-14-0.zip

Unzip the downloaded release file with the following command:

# unzip suitecrm-7-14-0.zip

Rename it to make it simpler:

# mv /var/www/SuiteCRM-7.14.0/ /var/www/suitecrm

Enable permission for the Apache webserver user to access the files:

# chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/suitecrm/

Step 6: Create Virtualhost for SuiteCRM

Then, create an virtual host configuration file to host SuiteCRM:

# nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/suitecrm.conf

Paste the content as shown below:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin admin@your-domain.com
    DocumentRoot /var/www/suitecrm
    ServerName suitecrm.your-domain.com

    <Directory /var/www/suitecrm/>
	Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
	AllowOverride All
	Require all granted
    </Directory>

    ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/your-domain.com-error_log
    CustomLog /var/log/apache2/your-domain.com-access_log common
</VirtualHost>

Remember to replace suitecrm.your-domain.com with the domain name of your server.

Save and exit the configuration file.

Then enable the "rewrite" module in Apache:

# /usr/sbin/a2enmod rewrite

To enable this site run the command:

# /usr/sbin/a2ensite suitecrm.conf

To implement the changes, restart Apache webserver:

# systemctl restart apache2

Step 7: Access SuiteCRM Web Interface

Go to your browser and visit http://suitecrm.your-domain.com. You should see the following page:

The first page displays the license agreement. Scroll down Accept the License agreement and click Next.

If everything is okay, click the Next button.

Provide your database name, database username, password, admin username and password. Then, click on the Next button.

You are presented with the details of SuiteCRM configuration completion. Click the Next button and you should see the login page:

Provide your admin credential and click on the LOG IN button, you should see the SuiteCRM dashboard in the following page:

Step 8: Set up Cron Jobs

SuiteCRM needs cron jobs to function properly. Edit the www-data user’s crontab file.

# sudo crontab -e -u www-data

Add the following line at the end of the file.

*    *    *    *    *     cd /var/www/suitecrm; php -f cron.php > /dev/null 2>&1

Save and close the file.

Comments and Conclusion

That’s it. You have successfully installed SuiteCRM on Debian 12.

For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official SuiteCRM documentation.

If you have any questions please leave a comment below.